初始化linux开发环境

Note

• This article is just a personal note for recording my common setting of every new developing host of linux.
• Remember to source /etc/profile after specify any environment variables.

Principle

Set environment variables in /etc/profile.d/{{app}}.sh if you want to use it of system wide, keep .bashr_profile or .bashrc simple.

Beginning

# specify default editor
echo "alias ll='ls -lah'" >> /etc/profile.d/common.sh
echo "export EDITOR=/usr/bin/vim" >> /etc/profile.d/common.sh

# config vim 
cat <<EOF >> /etc/vim/vimrc
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set autoindent
set smartindent
EOF

Update packages

• Set proxy for apt if needed.

  vim /etc/apt/apt.conf
  # Acquire::http::Proxy "http://USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT";
  # Acquire::https::Proxy "https://USERNAME:PASSWORD@SERVER:PORT";
  

• Or change original repository to mirror if needed

• Update

  apt update
  apt upgrade
  

User

• Init user

  # create home dir \w -m
  useradd -m {user}
  passwd {user}
  

• Specify the login shell

  # check what kind of shells had been installed
  cat /etc/shells
  
  # make sure the default login shell of the user 
  grep {user} /etc/passwd
  usermod -s /bin/bash {user}
  

• Grant as sudoer

  # make sure the user is trusted
  visudo /etc/sudoers.d/{user}
  # insert config below into sudoers file
  # {user} ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
  
  # keep env \w -E for sudo commands
  sudo -E curl -I https://www.google.com
  

• Add to group

  It’s needed while running docker.

  # add user to group
  usermod -a -G {group} {user}
  
  # or change the primary group of user 
  usermod -g {group} {user}
  

Network

• Set proxy enviroments

  # /etc/profile.d/proxy.sh
  export http_proxy="http://{{username}}:{{passwd}}@{{host}}:{{port}}"
  export HTTP_PROXY=${http_proxy}
  # https_proxy, no_proxy etc.
  

• Set customed domain name for localhost or other host

  echo "127.0.0.1 xxx.dev" >> /etc/hosts
  

SSH

• Generate key

  ssh-keygen
  

• Trust keys of other hosts

  # get the public key of other trusted host
  echo "{{public_key}}" >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
  

• Config agent

  For cloning git repository by ssh keys on host while developing in dev container with vscode.

  See official how to config ssh-agent on linux.

  • Add start script to .bashrc to execute after logining

    # start script, which should be added into .bash_profile
    if [ -z "$SSH_AUTH_SOCK" ]; then
       # Check for a currently running instance of the agent
       RUNNING_AGENT="`ps -ax | grep 'ssh-agent -s' | grep -v grep | wc -l | tr -d '[:space:]'`"
       if [ "$RUNNING_AGENT" = "0" ]; then
            # Launch a new instance of the agent
            ssh-agent -s &> $HOME/.ssh/ssh-agent
       fi
       eval `cat $HOME/.ssh/ssh-agent`
    fi
    

  • Add ssh key to agent

    ssh-add $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
    

  • Test

    ssh-add -l
    echo $SSH_AUTH_SOCK
    
    # there should be only one process
    ps -fC ssh-agent
    

Prompt Shell

• Fonts

  Use Nerd Fonts in terminal, which contains many icons. Recommoned Meslo LGM NF.

• Oh My Posh

  # install (https://ohmyposh.dev/docs/installation/linux)
  sudo wget https://github.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/releases/latest/download/posh-linux-amd64 -O /usr/local/bin/oh-my-posh
  sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/oh-my-posh
  
  # get themes
  mkdir ~/.poshthemes
  wget https://github.com/JanDeDobbeleer/oh-my-posh/releases/latest/download/themes.zip -O ~/.poshthemes/themes.zip
  unzip ~/.poshthemes/themes.zip -d ~/.poshthemes
  chmod u+rw ~/.poshthemes/*.omp.*
  rm ~/.poshthemes/themes.zip
  
  # setting 
  echo 'eval "$(oh-my-posh init bash)"' >> ~/.bash_profile